when/where/why引导的定语从句的用法
when,where,why属于关系副词,都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语,其具体用法如下:
1. 关系副词 when引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中充当时间状语。例如:
I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.
我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。
Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown,is approaching.
下个月即将来临,届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
2. 关系副词where引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示地点的先行词,在定语从句中充当地点状语。例如:
This is the office where he worked.
这就是他工作过的办公室。
She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends.
她要到澳门去定居, 在那里她有几个密友。
3. 关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语。例如:
I don’t know the reason why he came so late.
我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。
That is the reason why I don’t want to go.
那就是我不想去的理由。
He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.
他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。注意:关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联,两者之间存在密切的联系。在备考中尤其要注意以下几点:
1. 很多情况下关系副词用“介词+which/whom”来代替,其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定,例如:
The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.
= The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.
见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.
= I shall never forget those years during which I lived with her.
我将永远不会忘记我跟她生活的那些岁月。
This is a hall where the medical conference will be held.
= This is a hall in which the medical conference will be held.
这是礼堂,医学会议将在此召开。
2. 并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句,若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时,需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。例如:Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school?
你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗?先行词the days表时间,但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语,因此不能用when而应该用which或that.
3. that有时可以代替定语从句中的关系副词when,where,why,且that常可以省略,例如:
This is the time(when/that)he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。[考题1] We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. (2003北京春)
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
[答案] D
[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词age,其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语,因此只能填入关系副词when.
[考题2]The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (2001)
A. until B. that C. when D. where
[答案]C
[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词hours,其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语,因此只能填入关系副词when.
1
2
特别说明:由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化,教育人生网所提供的所有考试信息仅供参考,敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。